In order to study heavy metals and phosphorus characteristics in soil of Hailun City, a typical agricultural region of Heilongjiang Province, 95 topsoil samples, 95 subsoil samples and 92 soil samples of 25 profiles were collected from the farmland, and Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and phosphorus contents were determined. On the base of the previous results, another 8 profiles were selected to further study phosphorus characteristic in vertical direction. The results showed that the contents of heavy metals of Hailun City were low but showed a certain degree of accumulation compared with the background values of Songnen plains. Available P content was distinctly higher than that of the second soil survey. Spatial distribution of heavy metals and phosphorus in topsoil were significantly different, the heavy metals mainly originated from parent materials instead from phosphate. Phosphate was one of the key factors of the substantial increases of available P. The contents of the heavy metals and phosphorus first decreased then increased as soil deepened, available P contents were significantly different in four soil genetic horizons. The results of 8 profiles indicated that phosphorus content sharply decreased at first then remained stable or slowly increased or fluctuated strongly as soil deepened, which might be correlated with tillage history, tillage method and crop types.