根区温度对黄瓜生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响
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中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所

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S625.5;S642.2

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国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B04)、土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室2011年度优秀青年人才项目(Y212000011)和土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室2012年开放课题项目(Y212000016)资助


Effects of Root Zone Temperature on Cucumber Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency
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Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

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    摘要:

    采用土壤盆栽试验,从设施土壤环境角度分析了冬季温室栽培中根区温度和氮肥用量对黄瓜生长、产量及氮素吸收的影响,综合评价了不同根区温度下的氮肥利用率。试验设置根区加温(20℃)和不加温(12℃)两个温度水平,氮肥处理设N0、N1、N2和N3共4个水平(用量分别为每1 kg土含纯氮0、96、128、160 mg)。结果表明:在相同氮水平下,加温处理的黄瓜单株产量、氮肥表观利用率和氮肥农学利用率显著高于不加温处理,在N0 ~ N3水平下,加温处理比不加温处理分别增产78.99%、120.48%、126.77% 和105.56%。不加温时,增加氮肥用量,黄瓜单株产量无显著差异。加温时,黄瓜单株总氮吸收随氮肥用量的增加呈显著上升趋势。根区温度和氮肥用量对黄瓜生长、单株产量和单株总氮吸收均有显著影响,且提高根区温度比增加氮肥投入更能促进黄瓜生长,提高氮肥利用率。冬季设施栽培中,提高根区温度能够促进作物对养分的高效利用。采用增温减氮的措施既可保证蔬菜产量稳定,又可避免化肥过量施用对设施土壤的危害。

    Abstract:

    A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of root-zone temperature (RZT) and N fertilizer rate on cucumber growth, yield, N uptake and N use efficiency. Two levels of RZT (12℃ and 20℃) and four levels of N fertilizer (0, 96, 128,160 mg/kg) were designed. The results showed that: cucumber yield, N apparent utilization and N agronomic efficiency of 20℃-RZT were significantly higher than those of 12℃-RZT in all specific N fertilizer conditions. Cucumber yields per plant of 20℃-RZT were 78.99%, 120.5%, 126.8% and 105.6% higher than those of 12℃-RZT in all N levels. There was no significant difference in cucumber yield per plant without heating when increasing N fertilizer rate. As a contrast, total N absorption per plant increased significantly when increasing N fertilizer rate under 20℃-RZT. Therefore, the RZT and N fertilizer rate have significant impact on cucumber growth, yield and N absorption. Raising RZT was more effective than increasing N fertilizer rate in promoting cucumber growth and N use efficiency. High RZT can promote nutrient use. As a result, reducing N fertilizer rate and increasing the RZT can not only achieve high yield, but also avoid the potential harmness caused by the overuse of fertilizers.

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薛 鹤,段增强,董金龙,王嫒华,李 汛,邢 鹏.根区温度对黄瓜生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(5):842-846. XUE He, DUAN Zeng-qiang, DONG Jin-long, WANG Ai-hua, LI Xun, XING Peng. Effects of Root Zone Temperature on Cucumber Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Soils,2015,47(5):842-846

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  • 收稿日期:2014-11-07
  • 最后修改日期:2015-01-21
  • 录用日期:2015-03-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2015-07-14
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