The combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer with different ratios of organic manure/ chemical fertilizer on properties of tea garden soil and the yield and quality of tea were investigated using 4-year (2009—2012) field experiments to determine appropriate fertilization mode for tea garden. The results showed that soil pH was increased and thus soil acidification was inhibited by the combined application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in tea garden soil were improved, and increased with the increasing ratio of organic manure/chemical fertilizer. Compared with the control, the microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) were increased by 41.70%–72.23% and 49.66%–75.63%, respectively. The contents of soil microbial quotient (SMBC/SOC) and ratio of SMBN/TN were increased by 38.46%–43.85% and 16.84%– 72.96%, respectively. The treatment with only organic manure had the lowest content of soil basal respiration, while the treatment with organic manure/ chemical fertilizer ratio of 3 had the highest one. Appropriate fertilization mode could improve the growth, yield and quality of tea, treatments with 25%–50% organic manure and 75%–50% chemical fertilizer had the optimum yield and quality of tea. Based on the effects of fertilizer structure on soil basic properties, biological properties and the tea yield and quality, it was concluded that the combined application of 25%–50% organic manure with 75%–50% fertilizer (as nitrogen input) was the optimum mode for tea garden.