In order to provide the basis for the management and sustainable utilization of urban green space, urban green space soils between different ring roads in Chengdu city were taken as the study object, and the soil fertility characteristics was discussed based on the comparative study of 10 indicators including soil pH value, soil organic matter, N, P, K, Fe, etc. The results showed that these soils had alkaline trend. The total content of nitrogen (TN), the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) and the content of available iron (AFe) were mainly at a low levels, susceptible for plant. There was accumulation trend on soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP), and the content of available potassium (AK) increased. However, the total potassium (TK) and total iron (TFe) showed the dilution characteristics by foreign matter with low content. There were obvious differences in the distribution characteristics of soil fertility indexes among different ring road districts. The soil pH value gradually increased from inner the first ring road to the beltway, and TK gradually increased from inner the first ring road to the third ring road, however, the TP, AP and AK all gradually decreased from inner the first ring road to the beltway, the AK showed gradually decreased from the first ring road to the beltway. Other indexes didn’t show such obvious rules. The comprehensive soil fertility of urban green space among different ring road districts was as follows: from the first ring road to the second ring road > inner the first ring road > from the third ring road to the beltway > from the second ring road to the third ring road > outer the beltway.