Using kilometer grid method and global position system, in total 34 samples from the 0–40 cm soil layer were collected in September of 2014 from the moso bamboo forest of the core scenic area of Shunan Bamboo-sea, Yibin, southwest China. The contents of 7 chemical indexes of the soil samples were measured, i.e., rapidly available potassium (K), soil organic matter, available phosphorus (P), pH, total nitrogen (N), alkali-hydrolyzale N and conductivity, and soil chemical fertility quality was evaluated by using factor analysis on the basis of geostatistical analysis. The contents of soil rapidly available K and available P were low, especially rapidly available K. From the view of variable coefficient, all the tested indexes had medium variation except for pH, which had a weak variation. The variation range of tested indexes was 1 062.32–1 952.56 m. All other indexes had significant spatial correlations except for pH, which only had a medium spatial correlation. Among the designated five soil fertility levels, level Ⅰ and Ⅱ combined accounted for 38% of the total investigated area, and level Ⅳ and Ⅴ for 31.94%. Levels above level Ⅲ accounted for 68.96% indicating that the soil chemical fertility quality was at a medium high level as a whole. These results suggested that the soil chemical fertility quality in the study area was at a medium level as a whole, but 31.94% of the area was at a low level which indicated the soil fertility in the moso bamboo forest needs to be improved. The above results are useful for the protection of the ecological environment and further tourism development and management of Shunan Bamboo-sea.