The effects of different fertilization depths on rice biomass and nutrition uptake and soil nutrient distribution were studied by using potting soil column experiment in order to provide theoretical basis for rice seedling rational fertilization. The results showed that biomasses had no significant differences among the treatments at 10 d after sowing, 1 cm treatment was 80.6% averagely higher than others at 20 d after sowing, 1 cm and 5 cm treatments were 70.9% and 30.7% higher than 10 cm treatment at 40 d after sowing, respectively. Nutrient uptake showed similar trend as biomass, compared with the 10 cm treatment, N, P and K absorbing amounts of 1 cm and 5 cm treatments were increased by 52.3% and 24.8%, 23.8% and 20.4%, 50.5% and 43.1%, respectively. With the growth of rice, soil available nutrient contents decreased gradually and transferred down. Inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium contents of 1 cm and 5 cm treatments were significantly higher than others in 0 – 10 cm soil layer. The available nutrients brought from shallow fertilization mainly concentrated in the upper soil, which can promote rice seedling growth, increase nutrient uptake and improve the nutrient status in seedling field.