红壤丘陵岗地区坡地地表径流氮磷流失特征研究
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红壤地区农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范项目(2011BAD31B04)和南方丘陵集约化种植面源污染监测技术方法研究项目(201309035-3)资助


Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses Through Surface Runoff on Sloping Land, Red Soil Hilly Region
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    摘要:

    农业非点源污染是水质恶化的主要贡献者,研究坡地农田生态系统N、P流失特征及其影响因素对提高土壤生产力和水环境质量具有重要意义。本研究基于2011年3月至2013年12月花生地(158场)和橘园地(152场)降雨–产流事件中N、P流失的监测数据,探讨南方红壤坡地农田生态系统N、P流失特征及其与降水特征、径流量的关系。结果表明:花生地N、P流失量明显大于橘园地,N流失浓度则是花生地小于橘园地。N、P流失量的季节变化和年际变化均与地表径流量的变化规律一致,养分流失量与地表径流量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),流失高峰出现在每年的雨季4—6月。两种土地利用方式,P素流失显著低于N素流失,NO3–-N是可溶性养分流失的主要形态。降雨强度(I60)和径流量是影响养分流失的两个主要因素,均与养分流失量呈显著的幂函数关系(P<0.01)。红壤坡地果园比坡耕花生地的水土和养分保持效果好,但在降雨产流高峰期仍需加强肥料施用管理和相关阻控措施的实施。

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    Agricultural nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has become a main contributor to water quality problems. Researches on characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from slope farmland and their factors are basic to understand how to increase land productivity and to improve water quality. This study analyzed the characteristics of N and P losses, and their relation with rainfall intensity and runoff on red soil sloping land under peanut and citrus land uses. The data of surface runoff and nutrient losses were collected from four erosion plots (two from peanut field and the other two from citrus orchard) during the period from March, 2011 to Dec, 2013. The results showed that the peanut field produced significantly higher amount of N and P losses than citrus orchard did, but N concentrations were in contrast. The seasonal and annual variations of N and P losses were consistent with the pattern of surface runoff. The amount of N loss was positively correlated with the surface runoff (P<0.01). NO3–-N was the main form of dissolved N loss. P loss was less than N loss for the two land uses. The N and P losses peaked in April to June when the rainfall accounted for a large portion of annual precipitation. The rainfall intensity and runoff amount both showed significant power function relationship with nutrient loss. Orchard citrus land uses would be more useful than peanut slope farmland to soil-water conservation on red soil sloping land. Fertilizer management and related control measures should be measured in the peak of annual rainfall-runoff in this region.

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吕玉娟,彭新华,高 磊,张中彬.红壤丘陵岗地区坡地地表径流氮磷流失特征研究[J].土壤,2015,47(2):297-304. LV Yu-juan, PENG Xin-hua, GAO Lei, ZHANG Zhong-bin. Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses Through Surface Runoff on Sloping Land, Red Soil Hilly Region[J]. Soils,2015,47(2):297-304

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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-05-29
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