With various barrier factor, Shajiang black soil is a typical agricultural low-yield soil widely distributed in the in the Huanghuaihai Plain of China. A pot experiment was conducted to study the improvement of different organic materials (biochar, straw and manure) on Shajiang black soil. The results showed that straw addition significantly increased the contents of soil microbial carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC)and decreased the coefficients of linear extensibility (COLE). Straw addition increased soil microbial biomass phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), bacteria, fungi, saprophytic fungi and actinomycetes contents, and fungi/bacteria. Biochar and straw addition had no obvious influences on soil MBC, DOC, soil microbial biomass phospholipid fatty acids, bacteria, fungi, saprophytic fungi and actinomycetes contents, fungi/bacteria, but had significant negative influences on COLE. So the three organic materials should be selected according to the actual barrier factors in Shajiang black soil to be improved.