The biennial camphor seeding was used as test material and treated under different concentrations of NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ to study the assimilations and distributions of Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺ by camphor seedling. The results showed that, with the increase of salinity-alkalinity stress degree, K⁺ contents in roots and stems decreased but increased in leaves and K⁺ content was highest in leaves, followed by in roots and in stems; Na⁺ contents in roots, stems and leaves increased, and Na⁺ content was highest in roots, followed by in leaves and in stems; K⁺/Na⁺ in roots, stems and leaves decreased, and K⁺/Na⁺ was highest in stems, followed by in leaves and in roots. Fe²⁺ contents in stems, roots and leaves increased under low salinity stress (0–100mmol/L), contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves increased; Fe²⁺ contents in roots, contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in leaves decreased significantly under high salinity stress (100–300 mmol/L), Fe²⁺ contents in stems and leaves increased. Fe²⁺ content was highest in roots, followed by in stems and in leaves. The effects of salinity- alkalinity stress on the assimilation and distribution of Mg²⁺ were not significant. The assimilation and distribution of Fe²⁺ and K⁺ in camphor seedlings is promoted by intercepting Na⁺ in the roots in the early stage of salinity-alkalinity stress, and then improve the tolerance of low salinity-alkalinity stress (0–100 mmol/L). The assimilation and distribution of Fe²⁺ and K⁺ in camphor seedlings are intensively inhibited under high salinity-alkalinity stress (100–300 mmol/L), thus hinder the normal growth of camphor seedlings.