This study optimized the ultrasonic extraction conditions for 1-hydroxypyrene from soil/sediment, and established a method of ultrasonic extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for 1-hydroxypyrene. The results showed that: the mixed solvent of methanol and dichloromethane is the best extraction solvent; the volume ratio of methanol/dichloromethane is the key factor determining extraction efficiency. The optimal parameters determined by orthogonal experiment were: the volume ratio of methanol / dichloromethane 35: 65, sample/solvent ratio 2 g: 10 ml, extraction time 20 min, and repeated extraction three times．Under the optimal extraction conditions, recovery percentage of 1-hydroxypyrene in five types of soil/sediment changed in the range of 6.6%-83.3%, and the change was closely related to the sample pH. The total organic carbon of the samples did not affect the recovery percentage of 1-hydroxypyrene.