Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue on sand soil fertility and eggplant benefits in Hexi inland irrigation region. Results showed that the effects of feedstock of the ecological fertilizer followed the order: eggplant specific fertilizer > 5406 bacterial manure > furfural residue. The furfural residue ecological fertilizer was composed of 1.03% of 5406 bacterial manure, 12.91% of eggplant specific fertilizer and 86.06% of furfural residue. The bulk density, pH, EC and soluble salt of the sandy soil were reduced respectively by 13.85%, 1.07%, 6.22% and 6.92% after application of the ecological fertilizer, compared with traditional fertilizer. The contents of Hg, Cd, Cr and Pb in the soil were reduced respectively by 21.21%, 40.00%, 18.70% and 21.94%. Total porosity, aggregate content and saturated water capacity of the soil were increased respectively by 13.35%, 16.98% and 13.35%. CEC, organic matter content, alkali- hydrolyzadle nitrogen, and available phosphorus, potassium, zinc and molybdenum of the soil increased respectively by 19.20%, 25.93%, 0.29%, 1.89%, 0.17%, 2.08% and 8.33%. Fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes increased respectively by 59.00%, 41.94% and 24.32%. Invertase, urease and phosphatase increased respectively by 57.51%, 5.88% and 10.35%. Fruit weight, weight per plant, and yield of eggplant increased respectively by 5.27%, 5.35% and 3.01%. The fertilizer profits increased by 0.51~104 yuan/hm². The application amount of furfural residue ecological fertilizer was positively correlated with total porosity, aggregate content, water holding capacity, organic matter content and available nutrients of the sand soil and eggplant yield, while it was negatively correlated with the bulk density and pH of the soil. The linear regression equation for the application amount of the ecological fertilizer (y) with eggplant yield (x) was: y = 51.2300 + 1.5151x – 0.0408 – x². The optimum application amount of the ecological fertilizer was 17.40 t/hm², and correspondingly, the theoretical yield of eggplant was 65.24 t/hm². Application of the ecological fertilizer from furfural residue effectively improved the physical, chemical and biological properties of the sand soil, and increased soil organic matter content and eggplant yield.