To obtain microorganism strains for degrading tobacco straws, a strain named YC-2 was screened from a tobacco-rice rotation field in south of Anhui Province using CMC-Na medium and measuring cellulose activity. The train was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16s rDNA analysis. The enzymatic properties of the strain and degradation rate of tobacco straws by the strain were investigated. The effects of neonicotinoids concentration on the growth of YC-2 were also examined. The results indicated that the strain degraded 10.14% of the tobacco straw within 7 days. The optional temperature and pH were 60℃ and 7.0 for the enzymatic reactions of the strain, respectively. The CMCase and FPase were stable in the range of temperature from 15 to 60℃ and at pH from 4.0 to 7.5. The low neonicotinoids concentration of 1–2 g/L promoted YC-2 growth, while high concentration of neonicotinoids would inhibit the growth of the strain. Therefore, this strain has high activity for cellulase production and good tolerance to heat and alkali, and can decompose tobacco straw. Potential application in fields can be realized by further mutation breeding and fermentation condition optimization of the strain.