In order to provide a scientific basis for amelioration of saline-alkali soils, the pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping of Helianthus annuus (Xinkui 10) and Glycyrrhiza glabra on enzyme activities and microbial diversity of saline-alkali rhizosphere soil. The results showed that, compared with the monoculture, intercropping of Xinkui 10 with Glycyrrhiza glabra significantly increased the activities of rhizosphere soil invertase, urease, phosphatase and protease. In 144 h incubation period, the AWCD of the intercropping treatment was higher than that of monoculture. The intercropping also significantly improved the utilization of AWCD (72h, P<0.05). Compared with monoculture, the intercropping significantly increased the microbial diversity indexes (S, H). Principal component analysis showed that the intercropping of Xinkui 10 with Glycyrrhiza glabra could optimize the microbial community composition of saline-alkali soils. The carbon sources mostly used by saline-alkali soil microbes were carboxylic acids, polymers, amino acids and carbohydrates. Therefore, the intercropping of Xinkui10 with Glycyrrhiza glabra has a positive effect on soil saline-alkali quality, because it significantly enhanced the related enzyme activities and soil microbial utilization degrees of carbon source, and changed the microbial diversities.