There are four typical vegetation forms, such as saline-alkali wasteland, marsh wetland, reed wetland and forest land in the old Yellow River wetland which is located in the eastern Henan Province. From May to September in 2014, three investigations were conducted on soil macrofauna communities in the four wetland patterns to analyze the impacts of the different vegetation forms on soil macrofauna. The results showed that significant differences were existed between the phases in taxonomic composition and dominant groups of soil macrofauna communities which reflect the environmental heterogeneity of different wetland patterns. Soil macrofauna communities in the different wetland patterns responded to changes in season significantly in groups, densities and diversities, and the responses varied from different wetland patterns (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that groups, densities and diversities of soil macrofauna communities were significant correlative to soil physical, chemical and biological properties, especially the contents of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil micro biomass carbon and nitrogen in the wetlands (P<0.05 or P<0.01).