Pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different basic materials (lime, self-development ameliorant and calcium magnesium phosphorus treatment) on the restoration of the main limiting factors and rice growth in acid sulfate soils (ASS). The results showed that the effects of different basic materials were significantly different on soil physical and chemical characteristics, availability of soil nutrient and rice growth. Compared with NPK, SAM and CMP1 treatments effectively increase pH values by 1.25 and 0.92 units respectively, increased available P content by 3.1 times and 2.6 times respectively, while reduced greatly the contents of available Fe and Mn, exchangeable H⁺ and Al³⁺. SAM and CMP1 treatments extremely improved root surroundings thereby effectively control the transport of Fe, Mn and Al elements to the ground through ensuring of enough available P content in combination with the supplement of elements such as Ca, Mg and so on. SAM and CMP1 treatments promoted the growth and development of root, significantly increased the root activity at peak tillering and heading stages, and significantly increased rice grain yield by 121.1% and 105.1% in comparison to NPK, respectively. The effect of LIME treatment was next to SAM and CMP1 treatments. In conclusion, it was preliminarily consider that the key points of the alleviation mechanism of basic materials on limiting factors in ASS lies in improving the available contents of nutrient elements and pH, reducing the contents of some toxic metal elements. In the conditions of this study, CMP1 plays an extremely important role in restoring the limiting factors of ASS, but its cost was 3 times higher than SAM. Thus, taking the applicability for a long time and cost of soil ameliorant into consideration, self-development ameliorant should be a more appropriate soil conditioner for ASS.