随着土壤宏基因组学的日益成熟和发展，作为后基因组时代重要技术平台的土壤宏蛋白质组学越来越受到关注。土壤宏蛋白质组学的研究是解析土壤宏基因功能的重要手段之一，对于碳氮磷的生物地球化学循环以及土壤有机质积累的研究具有重大价值，可将蛋白信息与相关的生态系统过程联系起来。但是，土壤蛋白含量少，样品复杂程度高，极大限制了土壤蛋白的分离提取和进一步分析。因此，通过改进和优化土壤蛋白的提取技术，得到高浓度的蛋白是土壤宏蛋白质组学研究的前提条件。本文总结了近几年来土壤蛋白提取方法，并对其适用的土壤性质以及适用的不同种类和功能的蛋白进行了分析。此外，本文也对现有的土壤蛋白提取技术以及土壤蛋白鉴定技术的方法改进进行了探讨。

There has been increasing concern about the soil metaproteomics in recent years. Proteomics platform in soil is helpful for understanding the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and the oxidation of soil organic matter. By analyzing the sources, functions and activities of soil microbial protein, soil metaproteomics can address the issue of different kinds of protein expression and then link protein information with the associated ecosystem processes. However, although the species of protein in soils are very rich, the contents of proteins in soils are usually very low, which dramatically hinders the application of proteomics techniques. A critical step thus is to get a high concentration of protein solution by pretreatment of soil samples. This review summarized some typical methods for extracting proteins from soils and leaf litter in recent years. In addition, the potential directions of improvements for current methods were discussed.

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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(No. 2015CB150501)和国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200308)资助。