Soil fauna, one of the most important components of the wetland ecosystem, plays an important role in nutrient cycling of the wetland. A study on community characteristics of soil invertebrates in 16 wetland patches of Gansu Taitong- Kongtong Mountain National Nature Reserve was conducted from October 2013 to July 2015, a total of 185 033 soil invertebrates belonging to 7 phyla 130 categories was collected, among the total groups, Arthropoda and Nematoda were the dominant groups, occupying 47.50% and 26.08%, respectively; Annelida and Rotifera were the common groups, occupying 14.95% and 9.26%, respectively; Platyhelminthes, Mollusca and Tardigrada were the rare groups, occupying 1.25%, 0.66% and 0.30%, respectively. Arthropoda and Nematoda constituted the main body of soil fauna and played a decisive role in deciding the community characteristics of soil fauna. In these 16 wetland patches, sample 2 had maximum individuals of soil fauna, sample 7 had maximum taxa and the highest of species diversity index of Shannon-Wiener (4.496 7), sample 14 had minimum individuals and taxa. The similarity index among all sample plots ranged from 0.594 6 to 1, showing the community diversity of soil fauna in these 16 wetland patches was from moderate dissimilar to the medium similarity. This reflected that the protection state of these 16 wetland patches remains good and suffers little influence outside; and it also indicated that the differences among the wetland patches related to the interference of human activities.