In order to provide theoretical bases for the rational management and remediation of ecological environment along the Weihe River in Shaanxi, this study targeted at 3000 m-buffer zone along the Weihe River and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) content and its influential factors were analyzed by field survey and laboratory measurement with the application of GIS, ENVI, SPSS and other software. Results showed that SOM content was low along the Weihe River, meanly ranged from 6.3 to 22.5 g/kg; On both north and south sides along the Weihe River, SOM content increased within 1 000 m away from the river bank, and then reduced or remained unchanged outside 1 000 m range; The average SOM content was highest in upstream, followed by downstream and by midstream. Topographic factors (elevation, slope), NDVI and soil particle composition were influential factors of SOM. SOM had positive correlations with elevation, NDVI and silt percentage, while it had negative correlations with slope and silt percentage.