Soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in farmland is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Changes of the accumulation and decomposition of SOC are directly related to the carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems and to the global carbon balance. Soil aggregate is an essential material foundation of soil structure, an important carrier of soil fertility, and also the core of all carbon sequestration. Stable ¹³C isotope technique is a powerful tool to study the dynamic changes of soil carbon cycle and the roles of soil microorganism in the process of organic carbon turnover. This paper mainly described the research advances of organic carbon cycle the mechanism of carbon sequestration in soil aggregate revealed by ¹³C stable isotope technology, and briefly proposed the key research contents in the coming future.