An incubation experiment was conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization of abandoned purple paddy soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Three incubation temperatures (10, 20 and 30℃) and four moisture levels (40% water holding capacity (WHC), 70%WHC, 100%WHC and shallow submerged condition) were designed in the experiment. The results showed that: 1) During the entire incubation period (66 d), there were no significant differences in SOC cumulative mineralization amounts among 70%WHC, 100%WHC and shallow submerged conditions at the three temperatures (10~30℃). At 10℃ incubation, SOC cumulative mineralization amount at 40%WHC treatment was significantly lower than those of 70%WHC and 100%WHC treatments (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between shallow submerged and 40%WHC conditions. SOC cumulative mineralization amounts of 40%WHC treatments at 20℃ and 30℃ incubation were significantly lower than those of other treatments. So, it indicated that compared to 70%WHC treatment, 40% WHC treatment had negative-effects on SOC cumulative mineralization of abandoned paddy soil, but high moisture (100%WHC and shallow submerged condition) had no significant promoting or inhibiting effects to SOC mineralization. 2) Under the same soil moisture condition, SOC cumulative mineralization amounts of abandoned paddy soil in the hydro-fluctuation belt increased as temperature increasing. 3) Under higher temperature, the temperature sensitivity had no significant difference in treatments under different soil moisture conditions, but soil moisture significantly influenced temperature sensitivity under lower temperature. The Q₁₀ under shallow submerged condition was 2.33, significantly higher than 40%WHC treatment, but had no significant difference with 70%WHC or 100%WHC treatment. With the increase of temperature, temperature sensitivity was significantly decreased under shallow submerged condition, but it changed inconspicuously when soil moisture content was less than 100%WHC treatment. Both temperature and moisture could affect SOC mineralization significantly, but they had no significant interaction effects. 4) Two-pool first-order model indicated that temperature and soil moisture influenced SOC mineralization through influencing the content of labile SOC fraction and the mineralization rate of recalcitrant SOC fraction.