In order to expand the research of biodiversity in Dinghu Mountain Nature Reserve and understand further and more about the characteristics of soil protozoa community under different vegetation types, soil ciliates from 7 soil samples under different vegetations were cultured with the qualitative and quantitative methods. From all soil samples, 70 ciliates species, belonged to 44 genus, were found. In all ciliates, only Bresslaua vorax, Colpoda cucullus, Cyclidium elogatum and Cyrtolophosis elongata appeared in all soil samples. It could be found that widely distributed species and endemic species of ciliates were less, otherwise, common species of ciliates were more according to the species observed in all samples. The abundances of soil ciliates communities under different vegetation types ranged from 1 730 to 29 200 ind./g, and followed the order as conifer and pinus forest < grass near mountain shrub < coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest < evergreen broad-leaved forest near riparian < evergreen broad-leaved forest in ravine < evergreen broad-leaved forest in temperate monsoon < evergreen broad-leaved forest in montane. The similarity of soil ciliates communities in different vegetation types displayed from moderate dissimilar (0.25 to 0.5) to moderate similar (0.5 to 0.75) between each other. The results implies that the distribution of soil ciliates was more consistent with the Foissner’s “biogeography model”. Correlation analysis revealed an extremely significant correlation (P< 0.01) existed between soil moisture and ciliates abundance, and a significant correlation between soil NO₃^--N and ciliates abundance (P< 0.05). The multiple correlation analysis showed correlations existed between soil ciliates abundance and the combinations of soil physico-chemical factors, and soil moisture appeared in each combination as an important element. CCA analysis showed that different soil physico-chemical factors had different effects on a certain ciliate species.