Abstract:A 5-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of equivalent-application of chemical fertilizers (CF), swine manure (SM), cow manure (CM), and SM or CM mixed CF on rice yield, N, P and K uptake and utilization efficiency as well as soil fertility and the correlations between soil nutrients and rice yield, et al. The results showed that there were no significant differences in rice yields, dry matter accumulations, N and P accumulations and use efficiencies between SM treatments SM (SM 7.5 t/hm2 + CF normal level, SM 15 t/hm2 + CF half level, and sole SM 30 t/hm2) and CK treatment (sole CF normal level, CK). However, compared to CK, CM treatments (CM 15 t/hm2+CF half level, and sole CM 30 t/hm2) increased N, P and K physiological use efficiencies, but reduced rice yields, N, P and K accumulations of above-ground rice part, particularly for sole CM. Under the equivalent application, SM promoted soil total N, alkali-hydrolyzable N, Olsen-P, NH4OAc-extractable K contents and pH value higher than CM, but no difference between organic matter contents. Compared with CM, higher correlations were detected between soil nutrient contents with rice yields, dry matter accumulations, N, P and K accumulations and physiological use efficiencies when CM was applied. Therefore, there are obvious differences between the application effects of SM and CM, the application of manure should be dependent upon the characteristics of the manure, such as mineralization rate and nutrient content.