In total 43 horizon samples were collected from 11 paddy soil profiles in different areas in Anhui province, the basic physical and chemical properties were analyzed, and then a model was established to evaluate the fertility quality. The results showed that most paddy soils in Anhui province are belonging to Fe-accumuli-stagnic Anthrosols according to the Chinese Soil Taxonomy. On the whole, the soils appear to be acidic, with pH value is roughly between 5.0-6.5, the contents of organic matter and nitrogen are relatively low, the average contents of organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen in plough soil are 23.65 g/kg, 1.44 g/kg and 127.29 mg/kg respectively, and the textures of majority of the soils are silt loam. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) showed that the plough soil fertility index FI is generally between 0.7-0.8, which indicate the fertility quality is in good level, and there are significant positive correlations between soil fertility and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen.