In order to clarify the fertilization and production status of spring rape in northwest China, three typical counties of spring rape production were selected and surveyed in Qinghai in 2015. The results showed that the surveyed mean yield of spring rapeseed was 87.3% higher than the conventional annual mean yield (1 674.17 ~ 2 158.36 kg/hm²). In input of nitrogen fertilizer, 30.0% of the farmers were moderate, 40.7% of the farmers were high and very high, and 29.3% of the farmers were low and very low. Compared with the survey results in 2009 and 2010, the input of nitrogen showed a general declining trend, but there is still a large space for nitrogen reduction. In input of phosphorus fertilizer, 37.4% of the farmers were moderate, 32.8% of the farmers were high and very high, and 29.7% of the farmers were low and very low. Compared with the survey results in 2009 and 2010, the input of phosphorus showed an increasing trend. The inputs of potassium and organic fertilizers were very low, while no input of medium and micro-fertilizers. In short, excessive and inadequate inputs were coexisted in the inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for spring rape production in Qinghai. Therefore, it is necessary for balanced fertilization in controlling the fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphors and potassium according to the status of soil nutrients, meanwhile appropriate trace element fertilizers and rational organic fertilizers are also needed.