A field experiment was conducted in Suixi County in the middle of Huaibei Plain from 2012 to 2015, three treatments of topsoil thickness were designed: original topsoil (TS), 5 cm topsoil removed artificially (TS-5) and 5 cm topsoil increased artificially (TS+5), plant samples of maize and wheat were collected at the mature stages and soils in 0-20 cm depths were sampled after quarterly wheat harvest. Crop yields of maize-wheat rotation and nutrient accumulation were analyzed, and the variation of soil nutrient contents were discussed. The results showed that compared with TS treatment, TS-5 treatment significantly reduced crop yields and N, P₂O₅ and K₂O accumulation in maize-wheat rotation, decreased by 5.61% and 8.31%, 5.65%, 18.38%, respectively, while crop yields and nutrient accumulation of TS+5 treatment showed no significant change. At the end of the first rotation, the contents of SOM, total nitrogen and available potassium of TS-5 treatment were obviously lower than TS treatment. After the third rotation, the contents of total nitrogen and available potassium increased gradually and had no significant difference with those of TS treatment, while the content of SOM was still at a low level. TS+5 treatment significantly increased SOM and nutrient contents, they were maintained at high levels after the third rotation. In summary, TS-5 treatment can reduce crop yields and nutrient accumulation of maize-wheat rotation and the contents of SOM and nutrients are difficult to recover in the short term. Although TS+5 treatment can improve soil nutrient status, but such improvement has no significant effect in increasing crop yields and nutrient accumulation.