研究草莓根际土壤微生物群落组成和结构，对健康草莓土壤生态系统的构建和保持具有重要意义。以不同地区草莓根际土壤为研究样本，利用MiSeq平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学分析土壤细菌16S rRNA基因V4+V5区域和真菌ITS1+ITS2区域的丰富度和多样性指数以及群落结构。结果表明：从15个草莓根际土壤样本中获得4 554个细菌分类操作单元OTU和1 298个真菌OTU，草莓根际土壤的优势细菌门为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门和绿弯菌门，主要的优势细菌属有16种；优势真菌门为子囊菌门、接合菌门和担子菌门，主要的优势真菌属有8种。冗余分析(RDA)显示，全氮和pH对土壤微生物群落结构的影响最大，共解释了61% 的群落变化，各因子的贡献率大小依次为土壤全氮>pH>有效磷>全钾>全磷>有机质>速效钾>碱解氮；相关性分析也表明，土壤理化指标均与不同优势菌门存在密切的相关关系。本研究结果加深了对草莓根际微生物群落结构和多样性的认识，为深入研究草莓根际微生物多样性及功能与环境因子之间的关系提供了借鉴。

It is important for constructing and maintaining a healthy soil ecosystem to explore microbial community composition and structure in strawberry rhizosphere soil. Strawberry rhizosphere soils in different places were collected and used as study targets, the 16S rRNA genes of V4+V5 regions of soil bacteria and of ITS1+ITS2 regions of soil fungi were sequenced and analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology on MiSeq platform combined with related bioinformatics analysis to explore the changes of abundances, diversities and structures of soil bacteria and fungi. Results showed that a total of 4 554 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 1 298 fungal OTUs were obtained from 15 strawberry rhizosphere soil samples. At phylum level, dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi, dominant fungi were Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. At genera level, there were 16 genera of dominant bacteria and 8 genera of dominant fungi. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that total nitrogen and pH had the greatest effect on soil microbial community structure, explaining 61% of the community changes. The order of contribution rate was total nitrogen > pH > available phosphorus > total potassium > total phosphorus > organic matter > available potassium > alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. Correlation analysis also showed that soil physiochemical characteristics were significantly correlated with different dominant microbial community. This study deepens the understanding on microbial community in strawberry rhizosphere and provides references for the relation between microbial composition and diversity with environmental factors.

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江苏省现代农业研究开发示范类项目(BE2016369)和江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2017]261)资助。