控释氮肥配施尿素对土壤无机氮、微生物及水稻生长的影响
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S146

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301701)资助。


Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen, Microorganism and Rice Growth
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    摘要:

    为发挥控释氮肥与速效氮肥各自优势,从土壤氮素供应与作物生长角度探索其适宜配比,通过盆栽试验研究了不同控释氮肥配比(0,10%,20%,40%,80%,100%)尿素处理对土壤无机氮含量、微生物数量及水稻株高、干物质累积和产量构成的影响。结果表明,配施40% 控释氮肥处理对水稻生育中后期土壤无机氮影响最优,NH4+-N和NO3--N含量较单施尿素处理分别提高10.11% ~ 17.02% 和12.17% ~ 17.21%。拔节至成熟期,40% 控释氮肥处理土壤细菌数量最多,与单施尿素处理差异显著;放线菌数量以20% ~ 40% 控释氮肥处理较为丰富;真菌数量在80% 控释氮肥处理下最大。水稻生育中后期,40% 控释氮肥处理的水稻株高和干物质量较单施尿素处理提高4.73% ~ 10.18% 和13.7% ~ 17.88%;水稻产量以40% 控释氮肥处理最高,较单施尿素和单施控释氮肥分别提高13.59% 和11.4%,且水稻有效穗数、千粒重和穗粒数显著高于单施尿素处理。综上,40% 控释氮肥 + 60% 尿素处理增加了土壤中无机氮含量,促进土壤微生物繁殖,水稻株高和干物质积累量大,优化了产量构成因子,达到了水稻增产目标,是值得推荐的控释氮肥配施处理。

    Abstract:

    A pot experiment of different controlled release nitrogen fertilizer (0, 10%, 20%, 40%, 80% and 100%) combined with different urea using were conducted to explore the proper combined proportion of controlled and fast release nitrogen fertilizer based on soil nitrogen supply and the growth of crop, in which inorganic nitrogen content and microbial biomass in soils as well as height, dry matter accumulation and yield components of rice were analyzed. The results showed the application of 40% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer had the best effect on soil inorganic nitrogen in the middle and late stages of rice growth, soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents were respectively increased by 10.11%–17.02% and 8.8%-19.96% compared to the treatment of single urea using. From the jointing stage to mature stage, combined application of 40% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer had the highest biomass of bacterial, significantly high than in single urea using. The most abundant actinomycete number was found in the treatment of 20%–40% controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers. Fungi number was the highest under the combined treatment of 80% controlled release nitrogen. In the treatment of 40% controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, rice plant height and dry matter were increased by 4.73%–10.18% and 13.7%–17.88% compared to the treatment of single urea using during the middle and late stages. Rice grain yield was the highest with 40% controlled-release nitrogen application, increased respectively by 13.59% and 11.4% compared to single urea using and 100% controlled-release nitrogen application. The effective panicle number, 1 000 grain weight and grain number per panicle were in the optimum levels under the application of 40% controlled release nitrogen. In summary, 40% combined application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer increases the content of soil inorganic nitrogen, promotes the reproduction of soil microbial, increases rice plant height and dry matter accumulation, optimizes rice yield components, thus 40% controlled release nitrogen with urea is recommendable in rice fertilizer management.

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李玉浩,何 杰,王昌全,李 冰,梁靖越,李新悦,张敬昇,尹 斌.控释氮肥配施尿素对土壤无机氮、微生物及水稻生长的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(3):469-475. LI Yuhao, HE Jie, WANG Changquan, LI Bing, LIANG Jingyue, LI Xinyue, ZHANG Jingsheng, YIN Bin. Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Urea on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen, Microorganism and Rice Growth[J]. Soils,2018,50(3):469-475

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-19
  • 最后修改日期:2017-09-27
  • 录用日期:2017-09-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2018-05-29
  • 出版日期: 2018-06-25