Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of soil solid phase, and it is also an important carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem. At regionalscale, rapidly and accurately determining SOM content is critical for production activities of agriculture-animal husbandry and the efficiency for obtaining the key parameters of earth surface processes. To explore the remote sensing (RS) bands containing SOM information in multi-spectral RS data and to estimate SOM with RS technology over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), the Landsat-8 OLI multi-spectral RS data and the actual sample data were used to construct SOM estimation model with regression analysis method. The results showed that the characteristic bands of SOM in Landsat8-OLI image were band 5, band 6 and band 7. Based on these three bands, the model forestimating SOM was constructed (R²= 0.704, P<0.001). Through precision analysis of actual measured points (RMSE=8.66) and previous study results (RMSE = 8.85), this model was proved with high precision and strong stability. This study provides not only the technical support for rapid determination SOM over QTP, but also the reference for soil fertility evaluation, carbon pool calculation, soil carbon cycle, crop yield estimation and grassland degradation monitoring in alpine region.