In order to study the Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) of soils derived from the Quaternary Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing, 9 typical soil profiles were selected and surveyed, soil-forming conditions were investigated, soil morphological characteristics of the profiles were observed, soil horizons were determined and the horizon samples were collected, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured, the taxonomy of tested soils were determined according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST), and the references to Genetic Soil Classification (GSC) were established at the subgroup level. The results showed that the 9 tested soil profiles were identified as 2 orders of Cambosols and Primosols, and 5 subgroups. Among of them, 5 soil profiles were classified as Calcaric Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, the other 4 ones identified as Ferric Hapli-Perudic Cambosols, Mottlic Hapli-Udic Cambosols, Gleyic Aqui-Alluvic Primosols and Calcaric Aqui-Alluvic Primosols respectively. The fluvo-aquic soil group in GSC was sorted into 3 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols, Hapli-Perudic Cambosols and Hapli-Udic Cambosols in CST, and the alluvial soil group of GSC was sorted into 2 groups of Ochri-Aquic Cambosols and Aqui-Alluvic Primosols in CST. The analysis of soil-forming conditions showed that topography, climate and parent material were the important factors influencing the development and taxonomy for the soils derived from Holocene alluvial sediments in Chongqing.