Multi-scenario simulating the expansion of urban construction land is beneficial to the realization of the optimal allocation of land resources and the sustainable development of the region. Taking Yangzhou City as an example, taking the land use change datum of 2005 and 2013 year as training datum, this paper simulates the expansion trend of urban construction land based on ANN-CA model, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each simulated scenario by using land transfer matrix for urban construction and landscape pattern index of 2013—2020 year. The results indicate: 1) The scales of other landscape occupied by the expansion of urban construction are different in different scenarios, but rural settlement is occupied most in each scenario. In the inertial development scenario, the new urban construction land is mainly clustered in the region with low landscape security pattern, and occupies more arable land, waters and woodland. In the basic security scenario, the new urban construction land is mainly distributed in the region with middle landscape security pattern. Compared to the inertial development scenario, it occupies more arable land but less waters and woodland. The optimal protection scenario occupies more arable land but less waters and woodland compared with the inertial development scenario and the basic security scenario, but mainly concentrates in the region with high landscape security pattern. 2) Landscape patterns are different in the three scenarios. In the inertial development scenario, landscape pattern change is conducive to the development of urbanization, but adverse to the mechanized production of arable land and the ecological service functions of woodland and waters. In the basic security scenario, landscape pattern change is beneficial to the social and economic development of urban and rural areas to a certain extent, and damages less to waters and woodland than the inertial development scenario. In the optimal protection scenario, landscape pattern change is more conducive to the regional social, economic and ecological development. 3) In the inertial development scenario, the ecological infrastructure should be planned properly and the permanent basic farmland should be delimited strictly. In the basic security scenario, the government should give full play to the ecological bottom line function of the landscape security pattern and guide the rational development and layout of the urban construction land. In optimal protection scenario, the government should improve the level of intensive land use by exploitering the stock construction land and so on.