稻米对甲基汞的累积危害居民身体健康。本文通过施用厌氧腐熟有机肥的盆栽试验，探讨有机肥施用对水稻中汞-甲基汞累积的影响。结果表明，有机肥施用水稻土中甲基汞含量显著增加，对照(10.43 μg/kg)<1% 豆饼粉肥(16.80 μg/kg)<1% 鱼粉肥(24.10 μg/kg)<2% 豆饼粉肥(33.53 μg/kg)<2% 鱼粉肥(38.46 μg/kg)，可能是施加有机肥后，增加了土壤微生物数量，提高了酶活性，导致水稻土中甲基汞含量增加。有机肥施用后，水稻不同部位总汞累积差异显著，根部最高(2 812.83 μg/kg)，其次是糙米(336.78 μg/kg)和茎叶(300.44 μg/kg)。有机肥施用后，水稻不同部位累积甲基汞的能力不同，表现为糙米(180.06 μg/kg)>根(59.71 μg/kg)>茎叶(38.97 μg/kg)。不同有机肥的施用均增加籽粒中甲基汞的含量，与对照相比，各处理增加量表现为1% 豆饼粉肥(16.1%)< 1% 鱼粉肥(19.3%)<2% 豆饼粉肥(41.5%)<2% 鱼粉肥(57.9%)。同时稻米中甲基汞含量与水稻土中甲基汞含量呈正相关关系。有机肥施用增加汞污染土壤水稻中汞与甲基汞累积，其可为合理施肥提供科学依据和理论指导。

Accumulation of methylmercury in rice is harmful to the health of consumers. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic fertilizer application on the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercury- methylmercury contaminated soil. The treatments included CK, no organic fertilizer + long term flooding; AWD, no organic fertilizer + dry/wet alternation; BOM1, rotten soybean meal (1%, w/w) + long term flooding; BOM2, rotten soybean meal (2%, w/w) + long term flooding; FOM1, rotten fish meal (1%, w/w) + long term flooding; FOM2, rotten fish meal (2%, w/w) + long term flooding. The results showed that organic fertilizer significantly increased CH₃Hg⁺ content in paddy soil: CK (10.43 μg/kg) < BOM1 (16.80 μg/kg) < FOM1 (24.10 μg/kg) < BOM2 (33.53 μg/kg) < FOM2 (38.46 μg/kg). After the application of organic fertilizers, total Hg accumulation in various rice organs were significantly different, the highest in root (2 812.83 μg/kg), followed by brown rice (336.78 μg/kg) and stem and leaf (300.44 μg/kg), the abilities to accumulate CH₃Hg⁺ by different rice organs were different: grain (180.06 μg/kg) > root (59.71 μg/kg) > stem and leaf (38.97 μg/kg). Organic fertilizers increased the content of CH₃Hg⁺ in rice grains compared with the CK treatment: BOM1 (16.1%) < FOM1 (19.3%) < BOM2 (41.5%) < FOM2(57.9%). Significant positive correlation was found between CH₃Hg⁺ concentration in rice grains and CH₃Hg⁺ content in paddy soil. This study proved organic manure can increase the accumulation of mercury and methylmercury in rice in mercury contaminated soil, and it provided scientific basis and theoretical guidance for rational fertilization.

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国家自然科学基金项目(41271464)、江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20131463)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050506)和中国科学院前沿科学重点研究计划项目(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC035)资助。