In order to reveal the speciation and changes of soil Hg in different polluted areas, Wanshan mercury mine and Dalong coal-fired power plant were selected as the study area with Huaxi district in the unpolluted area as the control, and the optimized Tessier continuous chemical extraction was used to analyze different Hg speciation. The results showed that the average total Hg content was 22.7 mg/kg in Wanshan mercury mine and 0.648 mg/kg in Dalong coal-fired power plant, both exceeding the 2nd standard in soil environmental quality in China (0.5 mg/kg), while total Hg was 0.179 mg/kg in the control area. In the horizontal direction, Soil Hg content was higher near the pollution source in Wanshan mercury mining and decreased with the increase of distance from the source; soil Hg content decreased first then increased within 2.5 km in Dalong coal-fired power plant. Hg in mercury mining was mainly in the residual state (66.6%), followed by the organically bound state (30.0%); Hg in coal-fired power plant was dominated by organic bonding (75.7%), followed by the residue state (17.46%); Hg in the non-polluted area was mainly in the residue state (59.1%), followed by the organically bound state (28.9%). Nerome synthetic pollution indexes was 107 in Wanshan mercury mining, indicating heavy pollution attributed to the intensity of the pollution source From 2004 to 2017, The total Hg content of Wanshan mercury mining was decreased. Nerome synthetic pollution indexes was 1.57 in Dalong coal-fired power plant, indicating mild pollution but with environmental and ecological risk due to the persistence of pollution source and the dominant organic binding state Hg with high potential biological effectiveness.