A field plot experiment at the same nitrogen application rate was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen forms and ratio (treatment N: nitrate nitrogen only, treatment A: ammonium nitrogen only, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen mixed at the ratio of 1:3, 2:2, 3:1, treatment N1A3, N2A2 and N3A1, respectively) on rice yield, yield factors, soil nutrients and nitrogen use efficiency, with the conventional fertilization (treatment U, farmer habitual fertilization) as CK. Results showed that ammonium nitrogen played a major role in rice growth during the whole growth period of rice, ammonium nitrogen increased nitrogen use efficiency and promoted the effective rice tillering. With the proportion of ammonium nitrogen applied from 25% to 75%, rice yield increased by 35.18%, nitrogen utilization rate increased by 46.67%, and economic benefit per hectare increased by 6 820.15 yuan. After harvesting, compared with treatment N, treatment A increased soil nitrate nitrogen by 36.41%, ammonium nitrogen by 30.30%, hydrolyzable nitrogen by 8.42%, rice yield by 60.11%, nitrogen utilization rate by 171.31% and effective panicles by 52.31%, respectively. Compared with treatment U, treatment A increased economic benefit by 522.91 yuan per hectare. There was a significant positive correlation (y = 18.044x₂ + 4943.4, R² = 0.9753) between rice yield (y) and ammonium nitrogen application (x₂) within the application range of 0-180 kg/hm².