The physicochemical characteristics and nutrient profile distribution of vegetable soil in Qiyue mountain, grain soil in Wangying of Lichuan City and tea soil in Bajiao of Enshi City were studied. For the three observed points, soil bulk density was between 1.23–1.43 g/cm³, texture was loam or sandy loam, conductivity was 23.57–38.83 μS/cm with no salinization, pH was 4.22–6.61 with slightly or strongly acidity, organic matter was 12.97–52.88 g/kg, ammonium nitrogen was 16.09–31.72 mg/kg, available phosphorus was 1.59–185.56 mg/kg, available potassium was 0–131.03 mg/kg, total selenium was 0.30–1.32 mg/kg and available selenium was 0.02–0.23 mg/kg with Se-enrichment. The available nutrients were decreased with the increase of soil depth with the correlation coefficient R² of 0.132 9–0.939 9, great difference existed in different nutrients but with the similar profile distribution. The purpose of this study is to monitor the effects of different fertilization methods on soil quality changes in vegetable, grain and tea bases, and to lay a foundation for soil restoration and improvement of agricultural product quality.