Construction of ecological high value agricultural system is the main agricultural measure for agricultural supply-side structural reform in China. Functional agriculture is an important basic technology for supply and industry improvement as a new stage of agricultural development in future. It is of great significant for China’s agricultural development and rural revitalization strategy. Functional agriculture’s proposal has been proposed for 10 years since 2008. This paper systematically reviewed the definition, development, and application of functional agriculture, and provided a perspective for their development in the next decade.