In view of the gradual intensification of greenhouse vegetable fields in the Yangtze river delta in recent years, a survey was conducted to disclose the fertilization status and the changes of soil physiochemical properties of greenhouse vegetable system under different cultivation. The questionnaire and field sampling were used for the survey, Songjiang district of Shanghai and Zhitang town of Suzhou were selected to represent the large-scale cultivation, while Zhoutie town of Yixing and Zhihu harbor of Wuxi selected to represent the dispersed cultivation, the fertilization of organic and chemical fertilizers were investigated, and soil pH, EC, and the contents of soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that the total amount of fertilizer applied and the organic fertilizer applied for the large-scale cultivation were 17.8% and 843.8 kg/hm² lower than those in the dispersed cultivation, while the chemical fertilizer was 34.5 kg/hm² higher applied for the former than for the latter. Compared with the dispersed cultivation, the annual input of nitrogen fertilizer (N) was 41.8% lower, while the inputs of phosphate (P₂O₅) and potassium (K₂O) fertilizers were 6.8% and 38.3% higher for large-scale cultivation, respectively. The problems of soil acidification and salinization were more serious for the large-scale cultivation than the dispersed cultivation, for the large-scale cultivation, soil pH and EC were 5.2 and 490.7 μS/cm, the averaged contents of soil available N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were 286.3, 322.3 and 374.2 mg/kg, higher than the dispersed cultivation by 123.9%, 26.4% and 68.7%, respectively. In view of this, the foliar fertilizer, organic water-soluble fertilizer and fertigation should be greatly promoted, which may be beneficial to maintain the sustainable utilization of greenhouse vegetable fields under large-scale cultivation.