Abstract:Water productivity is an important index of agricultural water management. In order to reveal the relationship between agricultural water consumption and grain production in Xi'an region, the temporal and spatial distribution of irrigation water productivity, crop water productivity and total inflow water productivity for main grain crops (wheat and corn) from 2001 to 2014 were analyzed using the method of spatial analysis, and the influence factors of main crop water productivity were studied by the grey correlation theory. The results showed that the spatial distribution of crop water productivity had significant aggregation phenomenon in Xi'an region. All the indexes of water productivity showed spatial variability, and to the same index, the spatial distribution of water productivity was similar in different years. Irrigation water productivity ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 kg/m3 with large variation in different years, increased from 2001 to 2010 but decreased from 2011 to 2014; Crop water productivity ranged from 0.7 to 1.0 kg/m3, changed little with time. The average annual temperature, chemical fertilizer applied amount, effective irrigation area, crop planting area and the total power of agricultural machinery were the main factors affecting crop water productivity in Xi’an region.