High-temperature aerobic composting method in the factory was used to evaluate the composting efficiency driven by the wood fiber degrading compound microbial agents with pure straws and the mixture of straws and livestock manure as raw materials, and three treatments were designed, which included blank inoculated with none microbe, single strain treatment inoculated with one bacterial strain, and compound microbial agent treatment inoculated with the mixture of three microbes, to investigate the variation of temperature, water content, pH, organic matter content, germination index and nutrients, and so on during composting. Results showed that no matter what kind of composting materials, compared with blank and single strain treatment, the compound microbial agent treatment showed the fastest heating rate, the highest temperature in the high temperature period, and the fastest temperature decrease in the post-ripening period. During the composting, none significant difference of the variation of pH was observed and all the treatments showed similar trends. Germination indexes in all the treatments increased during composting, respectively, and the compound microbial agent treatment revealed higher value than the other two treatments after 25 days fermentation with value of 93.45% and 98.67%, respectively at the end of composting in the piles of pure straws and the mixture of straws and livestock manure. During the composting, the contents of organic matter showed decreasing trends in all the treatments and at the end of composting, higher than 450 g/kg for all treatments. The total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents were higher in all treatments at the end of composting than at beginning, and after composting, regardless of the raw materials, the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were significantly higher than other treatments. To sum up, compared with none inoculation and adding single strain, amendment of high-efficiency lignocellulosic decomposing compound microbial agents effectively promoted composting efficiency.