冻融对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
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山东农业大学

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S661.1

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国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划),国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Effects of freezing-thawing on the number of the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of old apple Orchard
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Shandong agricultural university

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    摘要:

    以山东蒙阴、莱州和栖霞三地老龄苹果园土壤为材料,探讨冻融对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响,为生产上缓解连作障碍的措施提供理论依据。对三地老龄苹果园进行清理后,在原树穴行位置挖两条深沟,并将0~30cm的土与30~60cm的土分开摊放在沟两侧,在冬前和春季采集土样,并测定其理化性状、土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性和土壤阳离子交换量。结果显示,三地0~30cm土层各物理性状均显著高于30~60cm土层,其中速效钾含量差异最显著;冻融处理后,三地上下层土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均显著性降低,且上层土壤降低最显著,其中蒙阴苹果园上层土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌分别降低了40.6%、43.6%和55.7%,冻融处理显著提高了三地上下层土壤细菌/真菌比值;使用实时荧光定量技术对土壤中的尖孢镰孢菌基因拷贝数进行检测,发现冻融后三地上下层土壤中尖孢镰孢菌的基因拷贝数量大幅下降;三地上下层土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性均有所降低,且表现出显著性差异;三地上下层土壤阳离子交换量变化趋势不同,其中蒙阴苹果园上层土壤阳离子交换量降低了41.7%,下层土壤阳离子交换量提高了19.2%,栖霞则相反。综上,三地老龄苹果园土壤经过冻融处理后,显著降低了上下层土壤微生物数量,显著提高了上下层土壤细菌/真菌比值,优化了土壤微生物群落结构,这些结果有利于缓解苹果连作障碍。

    Abstract:

    Taking the soil of old apple orchard in Mengyin, Laizhou and Qixia, Shandong Province as the object, this study is to explore the effects of freezing-thawing on the number of the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of old apple Orchard, and to provide a theoretical basis for the measures to alleviate the apple replant disease in production. After cleaning the three old apple orchard, two deep trenches were dug at the original location of the fruit trees, and the soil of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil were placed on both sides of the deep ditch separately. The soil sampling was carried out before winter and in spring, and then the soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial population, soil enzyme activity and soil cation exchange capacity were determine. After freezing-thawing treatment, The numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in each layer decreased significantly, and the upper soil decreased the most significant. The numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the upper of Mengyin apple orchard decreased by 40.6%, 43.6% and 55.7 % respectively, and the ratio of soil bacteria/fungi in 3 old apple orchard was greatly increased; At the same time soil F. oxysporum gene copy number was detected by using real-time fluorescence quantitative technique and found that the copy number of F. oxysporum in each layer decreased significantly after freezing-thawing treatment, The activities of urease, phosphatase and invertase in each soil layer decreased significantly,and there was a significant difference; The change of the soil?cation?exchange?capacity?(CEC) of the three old apple orchard was significantly different, The upper soil CEC in Mengyin apple orchard decreased by 41.7%, the lower layer soil CEC increased by 19.2%, whereas that in Qixia was opposite. In conclusion, after the freezing-thawing treatment, the number of soil microbes in the upper and lower layers were reduced significantly, and the soil microbial community structure was optimized. These results are helpful to alleviate the apple replant diseases.

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段亚楠,马子清,陈学森,沈向,尹承苗,毛志泉.冻融对老龄苹果园土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2021,53(1):125-132. duanyanan, maziqing, chenxuesen, shenxiang, yinchengmiao, maozhiquan. Effects of freezing-thawing on the number of the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of old apple Orchard[J]. Soils,2021,53(1):125-132

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-02
  • 最后修改日期:2020-03-15
  • 录用日期:2020-03-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-03-24
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