In order to explore the suitable ground mulch types of autumn-sown garlic and its influence mechanism on garlic yield, so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of ground mulch in garlic high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation. ‘Majiang red garlic’ was selected as plant material, taking no mulch as the control(CK), 7 kinds of mulches were designed, including white plastic film, black plastic film, silver-gray plastic film, 1-2 cm and 3-4 cm straw, 1-2 cm and 3-4 cm rice husk, and then the effects of different mulches on soil moisture, temperature, enzyme activity and garlic yield, and quality were studied. The results showed that all mulches increased soil moisture in 0-10 cm soil layer, but had no significant effect on soil moisture in 10-20 cm soil layer. Plastic film mulches treatments increased soil temperature, among which white plastic film had the best warming effect, while soil temperature under straw and rice husk mulches treatments had no significant difference with CK. All mulches improved soil enzyme activities, among of which, urease activity was highest in the treatments with white plastic film and 1-2 cm straw, acid phosphatase activity was highest in the treatments with white plastic film and silver-gray plastic film, and sucrase activity was highest under mulch of white plastic film treatment. Compared with CK, the treatments of white and black plastic film mulches significantly promoted garlic growth. The yield of garlic bolt and fresh weight of bulb were the highest under mulch of white plastic film treatment (367.63 kg/667m² and 653.57 kg/667m²), followed by black plastic film treatment (287.73 kg/667m² and 363.80 kg/667m²), which were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The best quality of bulb was obtained under mulch of white plastic film treatment, compared with the CK, its soluble sugar (192.21 mg/g), soluble protein (23.67 mg/g) and allicin (5.13 mg/g) contents were significantly increased. In conclusion, plastic film mulches improved soil moisture and temperature, straw and rice husk mulches only increased soil moisture. All mulches increased enzyme activity and improve the yield and quality of garlic. The effect of covering with white plastic film was the best, followed by black plastic film.