Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration is the main driving force of global climate change, which directly or indirectly affects carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. It is necessary to clarify the effects and mechanisms of elevated CO₂ concentration on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from rice fields, for which is an important part of agricultural systems to mitigate global climate change. Therefore, this review focused on the mechanisms of CH₄ and N₂O emissions from rice fields in response to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration under various facilities in different countries, discussed and prospected the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on CH₄ and N₂O emissions from rice fields. The review would provide an important theoretical basis and technical support for responding to global climate change.