In this study, 313 literatures were collected at home and abroad from 1980 to 2019 on the effect of farmland management measures on soil profile SOC in China. The meta-analysis method was used to study the influence of the farmland management measures on soil profile SOC. The results showed that the increasing rate of surface SOC content was significantly higher under NTS (no tillage + straw) than that under CT (conventional tillage) among different tillage conditions, with an annual change rate of 36.1%. NTS also showed a significant increasing rate of SOC concentration (about 7%-31%) in deeper soil (<20 cm), and then improved the input of carbon. Compared with the no fertilization treatment, the fertilization measures could significantly increase SOC content in the whole profile. And, the MNPK treatment (combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer) had the highest increasing rate of SOC in the surface layer (0-20 cm), which was about 0.52 g/(kg·a). The flooded anaerobic environment formed by perennial paddy field could effectively slow down the mineralization and decomposition of organic materials and significantly increase the SOC accumulation in the surface layer (0-10 cm), with an annual growth rate of 24.84%. The topsoil carbon was leached to deeper soil (<20 cm) during different tillage, the amount of SOC sequestration had an increasing trend (about 2.17%-20.29%) with the increase of tillage years. The comparative analysis results of different farmland management measures showed that the MNPK, NTS and the paddy cultivation treatment could inhibit SOC mineralization and enhance its sequestration by protecting soil structure and maintaining the soil environmental stability. Among agricultural management measures, NTS had the best effect of soil carbon sequestration, and the annual variation rate of soil profile SOC was 11%-36%, and it should be widely popularized.