The significant features of the current vegetable production system are massive phosphate fertilizer application and flood irrigation, which causes a large amount of phosphorus (P) into the environment, further, causing water eutrophication through surface runoff and leaching. At present, vegetable fields have become the priority objects of prevention and control of P loss in the planting industry because of the highest proportion of P pollution emissions from vegetable fields. The study was to clarify P morphology features in vegetable fields, distinguish P loss ways and the influencing factors in open and greenhouse vegetable fields, summarize some current source management measures to reduce potential P pollution load, process monitoring measures to P loss by ecological engineering, as well as end of pipe control and evaluate the effects of these measures on preventing and controlling P losses in vegetable fields. These research advances have strengthened the understanding of P cycle in vegetable fields, clarified the characteristics of P loss and emission in the downstream of P chain in high input production systems, and provided theoretical references for effectively preventing P loss and achieving green and sustainable development of the vegetable industry.