不同基质生物有机肥防控番茄土传青枯病及促生效果研究
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S144.1

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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800205)和江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20180527)资助。


Effects of Different Bioorganic Fertilizers on Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Plant Growth Promotion
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    摘要:

    利用功能菌株解淀粉芽孢杆菌配合不同原料的有机肥制备不同生物有机肥,研究其防控番茄土传青枯病以及促生的效果,并考察土壤养分及根际细菌群落的响应,以获得能够有效防控番茄青枯病的生物有机肥。本研究以解淀粉芽孢杆菌T-5为功能菌株,分别配合秸秆有机肥及鸡粪有机肥,经二次发酵分别制得秸秆生物有机肥(BIO1)和鸡粪生物有机肥(BIO2),并于江苏省南京市一处青枯病多发的番茄大棚进行试验。结果表明:两种生物有机肥均能显著降低番茄土传青枯病的发病率,且BIO1处理的防控效果最佳,使发病率降低了94.45%;两种生物有机肥均能显著促进番茄生长,增加番茄地上部生物量并提高产量,但对于番茄果实品质并无显著提升;BIO1处理可显著增加土壤有机质含量,BIO2处理则显著提高土壤pH;土壤有机质含量与番茄发病率呈负相关,与番茄地上部生物量和产量呈显著正相关关系;基于高通量测序结果,发现生物有机肥可显著提高根际细菌多样性,同时改变细菌群落结构;防控效果最好的BIO1处理中,变形菌门相对丰度最高,放线菌门相对丰度最低,土壤硝态氮和pH与这两个门水平的细菌类群具有显著相关性。可见,以解淀粉芽孢杆菌为功能菌株、秸秆为原料制备的秸秆生物有机肥可有效防控番茄土传青枯病,效果优于鸡粪生物有机肥。该生物有机肥还可显著促进番茄生长及产量提升,并通过调控根际细菌群落中变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度,提高土壤抑病能力,减少土传青枯病的发生。

    Abstract:

    Using the functional strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens combined with organic fertilizers of different raw materials to prepare different bio-organic fertilizers, the prevention and control of soil-borne bacterial wilt and the promotion of tomato growth, as well as the response of soil nutrients and rhizosphere bacteria to the different bioorganic fertilizers were investigated, to obtain a kind of bioorganic fertilizer that can effectively prevent and control tomato bacterial wilt. B. amyloliquefaciens T-5 was used as a functional strain and was combined with straw organic fertilizer and chicken manure organic fertilizer, the straw bio-organic fertilizer (BIO1) and chicken manure bio-organic fertilizer (BIO2) were prepared through secondary fermentation, then an experiment was conducted in a tomato greenhouse where bacterial wilt is common in Nanjing City of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that both bioorganic fertilizers significantly reduced the incidence of tomato soil-borne bacterial wilt, and the BIO1 had the best prevention and control effect, reducing the incidence by 94.45%. Both bioorganic fertilizers significantly promoted the growth of tomato, increased the biomass of the above ground and the yield of tomato, but did not significantly improve the quality of tomato fruit. In addition, BIO1 significantly increased soil organic matter content, while BIO2 significantly increased soil pH. Soil organic matter had a negative correlation with tomato disease rate and a significant positive correlation with tomato aboveground biomass and yield. High-throughput sequencing analysis found that bioorganic fertilizer significantly increased the bacterial diversity of the rhizosphere meanwhile changed the bacterial community structure. BIO1 had the highest relative abundance of Proteobacteria and lowest relative abundance of Actinomycota. Soil nitrate nitrogen and pH had a significant impact on bacterial communities at the two levels. In conclusion, the straw bio-organic fertilizer prepared with B. amyloliquefaciens as the functional strain and straw as the raw material effectively could prevent and control tomato soil-borne bacterial wilt, and has better effect than chicken manure bio-organic fertilizer. The bioorganic fertilizer could also significantly promote the growth and yield of tomato, improve soil disease suppression and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne bacterial wilt by regulating the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes in the rhizosphere bacterial community.

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杨天杰,王玉鑫,王佳宁,韦中,董彩霞,沈其荣,徐阳春.不同基质生物有机肥防控番茄土传青枯病及促生效果研究[J].土壤,2021,53(5):961-968. YANG Tianjie, WANG Yuxin, WANG Jianing, WEI Zhong, DONG Caixia, SHEN Qirong, XU Yangchun. Effects of Different Bioorganic Fertilizers on Tomato Bacterial Wilt and Plant Growth Promotion[J]. Soils,2021,53(5):961-968

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  • 收稿日期:2020-11-02
  • 最后修改日期:2021-02-24
  • 录用日期:2021-02-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2021-10-13
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