This paper reviewed the evolution of the concept of soil health and analysed the significance of soil health management of arable land against the backdrop of China's national and agricultural development status. The efforts made and results achieved in China's soil health management were summarized in three aspects:ensuring food security, protecting soil from pollution, and monitoring and evaluating soil health indicators. Finally, The future directions and priorities of research and activities for stronger soil health management of arable land were elaborated in four aspects, which include strengthening research and innovation, filling the gaps in the systems, improving talent cultivation, and enabling the Soil Science Society of China to play a greater role.