本文探究了人工纳米颗粒（NPs）在饱和多孔介质中的传输规律和影响机制，重点阐明生物膜和土壤矿物对纳米颗粒传输的影响及其机制。结果表明，在干净的石英砂介质中，不同种类和粒径NPs的传输效率具有明显差异，不同种类NPs传输效率表现为ZnO> CeO₂>Fe₂O₃；对于报告粒径在20~100 nm之间的CeO₂ NPs，粒径的增加有助于其在多孔介质的传输。溶液离子强度的增大会降低ZnO NPs的传输，而NPs浓度的增大不利于其在饱和多孔介质的传输，传统的DLVO理论能够很好地解释NPs在无涂层饱和多孔介质中的传输。生物膜和土壤矿物均能抑制纳米颗粒在饱和多孔介质的传输，其主要通过对纳米颗粒的吸附和异质聚集作用影响纳米颗粒的传输，非DLVO相互作用以及介质涂层的表面特性对增强纳米颗粒沉积有很大贡献。

In this study, we explored the transport laws and influence mechanisms of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in saturated porous medium, focusing on the effects of biofilms and soil minerals on the transport of NPs and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that there are significant differences in the transmission efficiencies of NPs with different types or sizes in the clean quartz sand medium. For NPs of different types, the transmission efficiency was in the order of ZnO>CeO₂>Fe₂O₃. For CeO₂ NPs between 20~100 nm, the increase of particle size would facilitate their transport in saturated porous medium. The enhanced ionic strength of the solution would inhibit the transport of ZnO NPs in the saturated porous medium, and the increased concentration of NPs would not benefit their transport. The traditional DLVO theory could well explain the transport of NPs in the uncoated saturated porous medium. Both biofilms and soil minerals could inhibit the transport of nanoparticles in saturated porous medium, via the adsorption to NPs by biofilms and the hetero-aggregation between minerals and NPs. Non-DLVO interactions as well as surface characteristics of the coatings contribute greatly to the enhancement of nanoparticle deposition.

S153.3;X131.1

国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1804400）、国家自然科学基金项目（41907330）和江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20191104）资助。