To evaluate the effects of different fertilization on peanut rhizosphere bacterial community, three fertilization treatments were conducted in the field plot experiments. The treatments include no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (NPK), and application of NPK plus manure (NPKM). The diversity, community composition, and co-occurrence network of the rhizospheric bacteria were studied. The results showed that NPKM significantly improved the nutrient status in peanut rhizosphere soil, especially for the content of available phosphorus, which was 5.31-12.16 and 3.24-6.50 times higher than those of CK and NPK, respectively. However, NPK did not significantly improve the nutrient status of peanut rhizosphere soil. The results of SourceTracker showed that only 2.1%-5.5% of the bacteria community in NPKM potentially originated from organic manure. In the early growth stage, NPKM had a significantly higher bacterial community diversity as compared with CK or NPK. However, no significant differences of bacterial community diversity were detected between the CK and NPK. Partial canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) corroborated that both growth stages and fertilization regimes had significant effects on the assembly of rhizosphere bacterial communities. A number of beneficial bacterial OTUs classified to Rhizobiales, Clostridiales, and Bacillales, were significantly enriched under NPKM. Rhizosphere bacterial co-occurrence network was most complex under NPKM, and the proportion of connectors was also highest under NPKM. The results indicate that chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure could help to build a healthy and stable rhizosphere bacterial community.