曝气距离对植物源废弃物气流膜好氧发酵效率的影响
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S141.4

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江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(19)2026)和国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0500201)资助。


Effect of Aeration Distance on Aerobic Fermentation Efficiency of Plant Wastes in Air Flow Membrane Fermentation Process
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    摘要:

    利用工厂化气流膜堆肥方式,探究了距离风机不同位置对堆体中废弃尾菜配伍蘑菇渣和醋糟发酵效率的影响。试验将尾菜、醋糟和蘑菇渣按照鲜重比1:1:3混合均匀后,放入气流膜发酵槽中,覆盖戈尔膜,底部曝气发酵30 d,以靠近风机一侧的终点为0点,分别于距离风机1.5、4.5、9.0、13.5、16.5 m处取样,测定了堆肥过程中距风机不同位置的堆体温度、含水量、pH、碳氮比、发芽指数和养分等理化指标的变化。结果表明,堆肥过程中,距离风机不同位置物料间发酵效果具有一定的差异,至堆肥结束时,距离风机近的3个采样点(1.5、4.5、9.0 m)的腐熟物料总养分含量大于5%,分别达到了5.31%、5.20%、5.27%,而距离风机远的2个采样点(13.5、16.5 m)腐熟物料总养分含量分别为4.94%和4.83%;各位点肥料的发芽指数分别达到了102.8%、89.3%、98.0%、82.4%和85.5%,均在80%以上。进一步的豇豆田间试验结果表明,相比于施用未腐熟原料,施用各发酵点的腐熟物料均对豇豆有增产效果,且施用距离风机近的3个采样点的肥料处理效果更优,相比化肥处理的增产率分别为1.8%、4.52%和6.78%。综上,在气流膜发酵工艺中,距离风机不同距离的物料均能发酵腐熟,距离近的腐熟物料养分含量更高,田间促生效果更优异。

    Abstract:

    In this study, the effects of different locations away from the fan on the fermentation efficiency of vegetable wastes mixed with mushroom residue and vinegar residue in aerobic-membrane composting reactor were investigated. Vegetable wastes, vinegar residue and mushroom residue were mixed in a fresh weight ratio of 1:1:3, transferred into aerobic-membrane composting reactor, covered with gas flow membrane, and aerated via the bottom of pile body for 30 days. Samples were collected from 1.5, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5 and 16.5 m positions away from the fan to evaluate the variations of physicochemical properties such as temperature, water content, pH, C/N ratio, germination index and nutrient contents in these samples during the composting. The results showed that during composting, differences of the fermentation efficiency at different locations away from the fan were observed to some extent. Total nutrient contents of decaying materials at 1.5, 4.5 and 9.0 m away from the fan were higher than 5% with the values of 5.31%, 5.20% and 5.27%, respectively; however, the total nutrient contents of decaying materials at 13.5 m and 16.5 m away from the fan were less than 5%, only 4.94% and 4.83%, respectively. At the end of composting, the germination index of decaying materials at each site were all above 80%, with the values of 102.8%, 89.3%, 98.0%, 82.4% and 85.5%, respectively. The results of field experiment showed that compared with application of raw materials, amended with decaying materials increased cowpea yields, especially for treatments added with decaying materials collected from 1.5 m, 4.5 m and 9.0 m sites away from fan, the yields of which increased by 1.8%, 4.52% and 6.78%, respectively, compared with chemical fertilizer treatment. To sum up, this study observed that in the air flow membrane composting process, materials at different locations away from the fan can be fermented, and the decaying materials closer to the fan have higher nutrient contents and better plant growth promotion effect in the field condition.

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张西凯,刘红军,王东升,王蓓,沈宗专,李荣,沈其荣.曝气距离对植物源废弃物气流膜好氧发酵效率的影响[J].土壤,2022,54(2):291-297. ZHANG Xikai, LIU Hongjun, WANG Dongsheng, WANG Bei, SHEN Zongzhuan, LI Rong, SHEN Qirong. Effect of Aeration Distance on Aerobic Fermentation Efficiency of Plant Wastes in Air Flow Membrane Fermentation Process[J]. Soils,2022,54(2):291-297

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  • 收稿日期:2021-06-18
  • 最后修改日期:2021-07-21
  • 录用日期:2021-08-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-04-15
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