In order to understand soil nutrients and fertility of Tianjin Xiaozhan rice planting area, this study analyzed 24 indicators of paddy soil such as pH, salinity, organic matter, total N, P and K, available nutrients (N, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, B, Mo, Si, Se, F, S) etc., and then evaluated comprehensively soil quality based on PCA (principal component analysis). The results showed that pH was 7.80-8.95; salt was meanly 1.6 g/kg; organic matter, total and alkali-hydrolyzated N were below the average level; K was rich but P deficient; Cu, Mn and S were abundant; Cu, S and Zn were positively correlated with available K and enzyme activities, but Mn was negatively correlated with other available nutrients and enzyme activities; the minimum data set, which including 11 main evaluation indicators such as organic matter, available K and salinity etc., was significantly correlated with the full data set. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that 55.14% of the soil area was in the gradeⅠand Ⅱ of soil quality, in which, organic matter, total K and available Cu were rich, soil quality were better, and it was suggested to improve saline soil and apply P fertilizer. The research results can provide important theoretical basis for improving soil quality of this study area, and promote the strategy of revitalization of the Tianjin Xiaozhan rice.