Advanced oxidation technology based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has broad application potential in the field of environmental remediation due to its rapid and efficient reaction and superior degradation effect of organic pollutants. Activated PMS chemical oxidation technology has been widely used in organic contaminated wastewater, and the removal mechanism of pollutants has been constantly discovered and improved, and it has also been applied in the remediation of organic contaminated soil. This paper reviews PMS chemical oxidation of organic pollutants and analyzes the free radical and the nonradical degradation mechanism. The different activation methods (alkali, transition metal and carbon material, radiation, etc.) for PMS and influence mechanism are discussed, and PMS application in the remediation of organic contaminated soil is also elucidated and prospected.